Effect and potential mechanism of sodium ferulate on corneal endothelial dysfunction and CEC injury / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of sodium ferulate （SF） on corneal endothelial dysfunction and corneal endothelial cell （CEC） injury. METHODS The male New Zealand rabbits were divided into control group， benzalkonium chloride （BAK） group and BAK+SF group， with 6 rabbits in each group. Except for control group， the other groups were given BAK into the anterior chamber to induce bullous keratopathy model， and BAK+SF group then given SF solution 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally the next day after surgery， twice a day， for consecutive 14 d. The transparency of corneal and edema of corneal stroma in each group of rabbits （before and on the 1st， 7th， and 14th day after surgery） were observed， and the corneal thickness （14th day after surgery） and intraocular pressure （1st to 14th day after surgery） were measured. On the 14th day after operation， the corneal endothelial structure was evaluated and the expressions of functionally related proteins [phalloidin， zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）， Na+/K+-ATPase， Ki67] were detected. On the 14th day after surgery， the corneal tissue was collected in BAK group， the primary rabbit CECs were isolated and cultured， and they were divided into blank group and SF groups with different mass concentrations. The cell viabilities after being cultured for different time， and the protein expressions of Ras homologous gene family A （RhoA）， bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A （BMPR1A） and BMRP2 were determined in each group. RESULTS Compared with BAK group， the transparency of corneal and edema of corneal stroma were gradually improved， and the corneal thickness was significantly decreased in BAK+SF group （P＜0.05）. The rabbit CECs in BAK+SF group were only damaged to zone B and showed a normal hexagonal endothelial cells structure. The protein expressions of phalloidin， ZO-1， Na+/K+-ATPase and Ki67 in BAK+SF group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. When SF concentration was lower than and equal to 200 mg/L， it could promote the proliferation of rabbit CEC， in concentration manner （P＜0.05） and time-dependent trend. SF at concentrations of 50， 100， and 200 mg/L could up-regulate the protein expressions of RhoA， BMPR1A and BMPR2 in concentration-dependent manner （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS SF can improve the transparency of corneal and edema of corneal stroma in bullous keratopathy model rabbits， reduce corneal thickness， maintain the integrity of corneal endothelium structure， and promote the recovery of corneal endothelial function； this compound can promote the proliferation of CEC， the mechanism of which may be related to the activation of RhoA-ROCK-BMP pathway.

Deformation Characteristics of Hand Movement During Grasping / 医用生物力学

Objective Based on the multi-camera digital image correlation (DIC) method, the dynamic deformation characteristics of human hand during grasping were studied. Methods A continuous four-camera DIC system was established to measure surface strain of the skin on the back of the hand during grasping process, and then through the connection between skin, joints, bones and muscles, the regular pattern of muscle deformation could be known indirectly. Results Four grasping postures (medium cylinder, lateral pinch, index finger extension, power sphere) were measured. It was found that the increases of strain magnitude were different at different positions on back surface of the hand under different grasping postures, and the maximum principal strains were between 0.1 and 0.3. The movement characteristics for each muscle group of the hand under different grasping postures were obtained through analysis. Conclusions This method has the characteristics of non-contact, full field, intuitive results, which provides a new way for in vivo measurement of dynamic deformation during grasping.

Influence of trached extubation time on the emergent agitation during the recovery of sevoflurane combined anesthesia in infants / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the influence of trached extubation time on the emergent agitation during the recovery of sevoflurane combined anesthesia in infants. @*Methods@#Sevoflurane, propofol and remifentanil were combined to maintain general anesthesia after intubation. The propofol infusion was stopped 10 minutes before the operation, and the remifentanil infusion was stopped 5 minutes before the end of the operation. The sevoflurane concentration was reduced to 1%, and the oxygen flow was adjusted to 6 L/min when the sevoflurane inhalation was stopped. Ninety infant patients with cleft palate were randomized into 3 groups (n=30): 30 patients in group A were extubated within 5 minutes, 30 patients in group B were extubated between 5 and 10 minutes, and 30 patients in group C were extubated after 10 minutes. A postoperative agitation score was given after extubation and recorded away from the operating room. Propofol was administered when agitation occurred. The recovery time after the operation and time away from the operating room were recorded. @*Results@# The recovery times of group A, group B, and group C were 21.8 ± 2.5 minutes, 21.4 ± 2.1 minutes and 20.9 ± 1.3 minutes, respectively, although the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). The times away from the operating room of group A, group B, and group C were 8.1 ± 1.6 minutes, 5.2 ± 2.0 minutes and 2.1 ± 0.7 minutes, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). When endotracheal intubation was removed, the incidence of agitation in group A (26/30) was higher than that in group B (16/30) and group C (5/30), and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of agitation in group B was also significantly different from that in group C (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Propofol, which is used to control coughing and prolong the extubation time, can effectively prevent emergent agitation during the recovery period from sevoflurane-based anesthesia in infants. The optimum time of extubation was 15 minutes.

Clinical Observation of Xiaotan Tongluo Gel Combined with Mecobalamin Tablets in Ttreating Peripheral Neurotoxicity Induced by Chemotherapy / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy of Xiaotan Tongluo Gel combined with mecobalamin tablets in treating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Methods Totally 67 cases of CIPN were divided into the treatment group (36 cases) and the control group (31 cases). Both groups were given mecobalamin tablets, 0.5 mg each time, three times a day, orally. Patients in the treatment group were treated with Xiaotan Tongluo Gel for external use at the same time. The patients in control group were treated with placebo gel for external use, 1 mL/cm2, rubbed on the skin 1 cm more than sensory obstruction in diameter. The treatment for both groups lasted for 14 d as a treatment course, and the treatment lasted for 2 courses. The changes of peripheral nerve toxicity, TCM syndrome scores and the nerve conduction velocity were observed in the two groups. Results On the 14th and 28th days of treatment, the total effective rates of peripheral nerve toxicity were 75.00% and 91.67% in the treatment group, and 38.71% and 67.74% in the control group, and the treatment group was significantly better than those of the control group (P=0.002, P=0.005); On the 14th and 28th days of treatment, the total effective rate of TCM efficacy in the treatment group was 75.00% and 94.44% respectively, and that in the control group was 45.16% and 64.52% respectively, and the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (P=0.018, P=0.005). Compared with before treatment, the TCM syndrome scores in both groups were significantly reduced on the 14th and 28th days (P＜0.01); The TCM syndrome scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the same time points after treatment (P＜0.01). Compared with before treatment, the sensory and motor nerve conduction speeds of the peroneal and median nerves in the two groups at 14th and 28th days were significantly increased (P＜0.01); Comparing the two groups at the same time point after treatment, the sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity of the peroneal and median nerves in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Conclusion Xiaotan Tongluo Gel combined with mecobalamin tablets can effectively improve the peripheral neurotoxicity induced by chemotherapy, TCM syndrome scores, and the nerve conduction velocity.

Curative Effect of YU Yun Pulse-feeling-based Acupuncture Therapy for Treatment of Middle-late Liver Cancer / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the curative effect of YU Yun pulse-feeling-based acupuncture therapy for the treatment of middle-late liver cancer. Methods A total of 60 middle-late liver cancer patients were divided into control group and treatment group by stratified randomization method,30 cases in each group. The control group was given integrated Chinese and western medicine therapy according to the clinical pathway, including anti-cancer treatment such as vascular interrention,molecular targeted therapy,chemotherapy,radio therapy, and focal ablation therapy,as well as chinese medicine treatment based on disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation. And the treatment group was given YU Yun pulse-feeling-based acupuncture therapy on the basis of treatment for the control group. The two groups received 12-week treatment, and then their curative effects were compared. Results The treatment group had better effect on increasing the survival rate, prolonging survival time, improving the scores of clinical symptoms, stabilizing tumor size, and increasing the scores of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS)than the control group,the difference being significant (P < 0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion YU Yun pulse-feeling-based acupuncture therapy exerts certain curative effect for the treatment of middle-late liver cancer.

Effect of Acupuncture of She Medicine on Cerebral Hemodynamics in Migraine Patients / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of acupuncture therapy of She medicine on cerebral hemodynamics in migraine patients, and to further verify its therapeutic efficacy and preliminarily reveal the action mechanism in treating migraine. Method 120 Eligible subjects were randomized into two groups. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture of She medicine, while the control group was intervened by Western medication, 10 d as a treatment course, for 2 courses in total at a 2-day interval. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was adopted to observe the average blood flow velocity of cerebral arteries before and after the treatment. Result The total effective rate was 82.8% in the treatment group versus 71.4% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) by rank-sum test. Before the treatment, the abnormity rate of cerebral artery blood flow was 62.8% in the treatment group versus 61.9% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05), indicating the comparability; after the treatment, the abnormity rate of cerebral artery blood flow was 25.9% in the treatment group versus 35.3% in the control group, and the between-group was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture of She medicine is effective in treating migraine, and it can significantly improve the cerebral hemodynamics.

Refractive development and form-deprivation induced myopic refractive error in CBA/CaJ mice / 生理学报

Due to the advantages in genetic manipulation, mice have become one of the most commonly used mammalian models for the study of mechanisms underlying myopia development. However, the vast majority of laboratory mouse strains are incapable of synthesizing melatonin, a neurohormone that may play an important role in myopia generation in humans. The present study investigated refractive development profiles in the CBA/CaJ mouse, a strain proficient in melatonin, and determined whether and how its refractive development could be affected by form-deprivation. Eccentric infrared photoretinoscopy revealed that this animal could be stably refracted, and the refractive error underwent developmental changes, which increased with age in the hyperopic direction and eventually got stable approximately 9 weeks after birth. The absolute values of refractive error in CBA/CaJ mice were larger than those of age-matched C57BL/6 mice, whereas the time points when refractive error reached steady state were similar between the two strains. Five weeks of form-deprivation applied to 3-week-old CBA/CaJ mice by translucent occluder wear caused a significant myopic shift in refractive error, indicating that this strain could be adequately used as a myopia model.

Impact of improving mood promoting access to collaborative treatment(IMPACT) approach on life quality and relapse in schizophrenics / 上海预防医学

Objective] To explore the management mode of IMPACT so as to improve life quality and reduce relapse in schizophrenics . [ Methods] Data on 187 registered schizophrenes were obtained from Regional Mental Illness Management System of Pudong New Area .According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 119 of them were selected and divided randomly , into intervention group of 60 patients and control group of 59 patients.The intervention group was treated with IMPACT for 18 months and scored by Schizophrenics Quality of Life Scale ( SQLS) before grouping and 6-months, 12-months and 18-months after grouping . [ Results] After 6 months of intervention treatment , the scores of SQLS in symptoms/side-effects subscale were significantly lower in intervention group than those in control group ( P<0 .05 ) . Although the scores in psychosocial , dynamic/energy 2 subscales were lower as compared with those before grouping , but the difference was not statistically significant .The scores in dynamic/energy and symptoms/side-effects 2 subscales were different as compared with those before grouping ( P <0.05).After 12,18 months of intervention treatment , scores in psychosocial , dynamic/energy , symtoms/side-effects subscales and total scores were markedly lower in intervention group than those in control group(P<0.05).After 12 months of intervention , there were 3 cases/times of relapse in intervention group fewer than 11 cases of relapse in control group , the difference was statistically significant .After 18 months of intervention , the differences in relapse rate were also statistically significant between the two groups . [ Conclusion ] IMPACT approach can improve life quality and prevent relapses in schizophrenics .

Therapeutic effect of Jinlongshe Granule () on quality of life of stage IV gastric cancer patients using EORTC QLQ-C30: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the impact of Jinlongshe Granule (, JLSG) on quality of life (QOL) of stage IV gastric cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial included 50 patients with advanced gastric cancer. They were equally randomized into a JLSG group and a placebo group. Patients in both groups received routine Chinese herbal decoctions according to Chinese medicine (CM) treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Patients in JLSG group received additional JLSG, and those in the placebo group received an additional placebo. In the JLSG group, 19 patients who completed the study were used for analysis. In the placebo group, finally the data of 20 patients who completed the study were used for analysis. The treatment course was at least 3 months, and the follow-up duration was at least 6 months in 5 interviews. Repeated measurements of the subscale items and individual items in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) obtained at the 5 interviews were compared using different patient groups, changes over time and changes within one group over time independently to observe the tendency of changes in the scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Using time as the variant, there was signifificant difference in 4 functional scales (physical, role, emotional and social, P<0.05), 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea and vomiting and pain,P<0.05) and a global health status/QOL scale (P<0.05) and 6 single symptoms dyspnoea (P>0.05), insomnia (P<0.05), appetite loss (P<0.05), constipation (P<0.05), diarrhea (P>0.05) and financial difficulties (P<0.05). There was also signifificant difference in these items between the two groups when the placebo group and group over time were used as variants (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Additional use of JLSG on the basis of routine CM treatment could improve the somatic function, role function, emotional function, social function, cognitive function and general QOL of patients with advanced gastric cancer, and relieve the symptoms of fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, loss of appetite and constipation.</p>

Effect of Compound Zaofan Pill on Bone Marrow MVD and VEGF of Patients with Chronic Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical efficacy of compound Zaofan pill combined with cyclosporine and androgen for treatment of patients with chronical aplastic anemia(CAA), and its effect on bone marrow microvessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) of CAA patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 76 cases of CAA were randomly divided into group 1 and group 2, among them the group 1 (38 cases) was treated with cyclosporine and androgen alone, while the group 2(38 cases) was treated with compound Zaofan pill combined with cyclosporine and androgen. Samples of 20 cases with normal bone marrow were used as controls. The clinical effects of each groups were observed, and the mean bone marrow MVD and VEGF levels were detected before and after half a year's treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean bone marrow MVD and VEGF levels in CAA group before treatment were significantly lower than that in normal control group, but bone marrow MVD and VEGF levels in 2 groups significantly increased after treatment. Group 1 showed the cure and response rate of 15.8%, while group 2 showed the cure and response rate of 44.7%, there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05)). There was no significant difference of bone marrow MVD and VEGF expression before treatment between group 1 and group 2. After treatment, bone marrow MVD and VEGF expression of group 2 were significantly higher than pre-treatment, moreover the bone marrow MVD and VEGF expression in group 2 were significantly higher than that in group 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The compound Zaofan pill combined with cyclosporine and androgen can obviously increase the levels of MVD and VEGF in bone marrow, and improve the efficacy of treatment in CAA patients.</p>

Inhibitory effect of Xiaotan Sanjie Recipe on the microsatellite instability of orthotopic transplantation tumor in MKN-45 human gastric cancer nude mice / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the inhibitory effect of Xiaotan Sanjie Recipe (XSR) on the microsatellite instability of orthotopic transplantation tumor in MKN-45 human gastric cancer nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 3rd passage subcutaneous transplantation tumor was taken as the origin of the model by using MKN-45 human gastric cancer cell lines. MKN-45 human gastric cancer nude mouse model was established using OB glue adhesive method. Then 30 nude mice were divided into the model group, the XSR group, and the chemotherapy group. Mice in the XSR group were intragastrically given XSR at the daily dose of 0.4 mL. Mice in the chemotherapy group were intragastrically given Fluorouracil at the daily dose of 0.4 mL. No intervention was given to mice in the model group. After 6 weeks of medication, the tumor weight was measured, and the tumor inhibition rate calculated. The size, the peak height, and the peak area of 5 microsatellite instability sites were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumor inhibition rate was 40. 84% in the XSR group. The tumor weight was significantly lower in the XSR group than in the model group (P < 0.01), showing no statistical difference when compared with the chemotherapy group (P >0.05). The incidence of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in the model group was 70%, and the incidence of low microsatellite instability (MSI-L) was 30%. Microsatellite stable site tended be stable after 6 weeks of XSR treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>XSR showed inhibition on microsatellite instable orthotopic transplantation tumor in MKN-45 human gastric cancer nude mice.</p>

Tumor interstitial fluid and gastric cancer metastasis: an experimental study to verify the hypothesis of "tumor-phlegm microenvironment" / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To extract tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) from MKN-45 gastric cancer which is similar to "muddy phlegm" in Chinese medicine and observe influences of MKN-45 tumor interstitial fluid (MKN-45 TIF) intervention on metastasis of gastric cancer and on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), kinase insert domain containing receptor (KDR), epithelial-cadherin (E-cad), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and telomerase genes and proteins in primary tumor tissue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An MKN-45 tumor-bearing model was established in 50 nude mice. The modeled animals were equally randomized to 5 groups: the simple tumor-bearing group (model group), the normal saline (NS) via tail vein injection (i.v.) group (NS i.v. group), MKN-45 TIF i.v. group (TIF i.v. group), NS intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) group (NS i.p. group), and MKN-45 TIF i.p. group (TIF i.p. group). The TIF and NS intervention groups received injection (i.p. or i.v.) of MKN-45 TIF or NS twice a week, 0.2 mL at a time. After 8 weeks, the primary tumors were removed, weighed and HE stained to observe tumor metastasis. The primary tumor tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR to detect expressions of VEGF, KDR, E-cad, COX-2, ICAM-1, and telomerase genes and proteins in different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in tumor weight between TIF intervention groups and the model and NS intervention groups. Tumor metastasis was observed in all 5 groups, but the tumor metastasis rate in TIF intervention groups was significantly higher than those in the model and NS intervention groups. The gene and protein expressions of gastric cancer-related factors VEGF, KDR, COX-2, ICAM-1 and telomerase were unregulated while the gene and protein expressions of E-cad were downregulated in TIF intervention groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TIF promotes tumor growth, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. These findings provide preliminary experimental clues for verifying the hypothesis of "tumor-phlegm microenvironment".</p>

Research advances in porcine bocavirus / 病毒学报

Porcine bocavirus (PBoV) was considered as a new member of the genus Bocavirus of the subfamily Parvovirinae of the family Parvoviridae, which was discovered in Swedish swine herds with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in 2009. At present, as an emerging pathogen, it was paid great attention by researchers at home and abroad. This paper referred to some published literatures and reviewed several aspects of PBoV including its finding, classification, genome structure and replication, epidemiology, associativity with diseases, cultural and diagnostic methods.

Professor Wei Pin-kang's experience in treating chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: an analysis of herbal medication / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the herbal medication by Professor WEI Pin-kang's prescriptions in treating chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On the basis of outpatient and inpatients' medical records concerning CINV from case-database (keywords: chemotherapy and vomiting), data of 143 patients and 143 effective prescriptions were collected. The herbs and those category, nature, flavor and meridian distribution were summarized by frequency method using SPSS 13.0 Software. The couple herbs were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 144 herbs were used (2 353 frequencies). Six groups of herbs [ frequency >5%, cumulative relative frequency (CRF) 58.89%] were used frequently as follow: the herbs for regulating qi (17.81%), resolving phlegm (13.51%), invigorating qi (8.07%), relieving food retention (7.44%), calming Gan to stop endogenous wind (7.05%), and warming the interior (5.01%). The most frequently used herbs ( >20 frequencies, CRF 77.31%) had 31 species as follow: the herbs for regulating qi (6 species), calming Gan to stop endogenous wind (4 species), resolving phlegm (3 species), external application (2 species), invigorating qi (2 species), warming the interior (2 species), activating blood and removing blood stasis (2 species), promoting diuresis and resolving dampness (1 species), purgation (1 species), invigorating blood (1 species), relieving exterior syndrome with pungent-warm property (1 species), relieving exterior syndrome with pungent-cool property (1 species), astringent (1 species), resolving dampness with aromatic property (1 species), calming the mind (1 species), eliminating heat and dampness (1 species), relieving food retention (1 species). Frequency of Rhizoma Pinelliae was 127 including Rhizoma Pinelliae (processed with ginger) 83 (65.35%). Frequency of prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei was 85 (95.51% of Prea- praed Rhizoma Rhei). These herbs were mostly of warm nature (43.99%). The total frequency of herb-nature was 3 677 and the pungent (34.76%), bitter (32.06%) and sweet herbs (18.22%) were most frequently used (CRF 85.04%). The total frequency of meridian distribution was 6 627 and these herbs were mostly attributed to Pi, Wei, Gan, and Fei meridians (CRF 71.34%). The most frequently used couple-herbs included Rhizoma Pinelliae and Rhizoma Atisaematis, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Submature Bitter Orange, Flos Caryophylli and Calyx Kaki, Rhizoma Coptidis and Os Sepiae, Rumulus Ginnamomi and Radix Paeoniae, Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis and Fructus Citri, aloeswood and toad skin, scorpion and centipede, earth worm and Gekko Swinhoana, bupleurum root and curcumae, fossilia ossis mastodi and oyster, large head atractylodes and poria, and so on.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Professor WEI Pin-kang regarded the therapy of dissolving phlegm and regulating Wei as the fundamental treatment of CINV. He emphasized gastrointestinal metabolic disorders induced by phlegm and stagnation related to chemotherapeutics. He laid equal emphasis on regulating qi, dissolving phlegm, and removing stagnation.</p>

Effect of xiaotan sanjie recipe on expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in nude mice with transplanted human gastric adenocarcinoma cell MKN-45 / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the mechanism of Xiaotan Sanjie Recipe (XSR) in inhibiting lymphatic metastasis of gastric carcinoma by observing its effects on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and its receptor VEGFR-3 in nude mice with transplanted human gastric adenocarcinoma cell MKN-45.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty mice were made into MKN-45 tumor model and randomly divided into three groups treated with saline, 5-Fu, and XSR, respectively. Gene and protein expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in the tumor tissue were detected by RT-PCR, and the lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) in tumor was measured with immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the group treated with saline, the mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 as well as LMVD level were significantly lower (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the group treated with XSR. There was no significantly statistic difference between the group of XSR and 5-Fu on the indices mentioned above (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By down-regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 might be one of possible mechanisms for XSR in preventing and curing the lymphatic metastasis of gastric carcinoma.</p>

Effects of xiaotan sanjie recipe on vasculogenic mimicry of human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Xiaotan Sanjie Recipe (XTSJD) and its mechanism on vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The tumor-bearing mice model was established by subcutaneous inoculating with xenografts of human gastric cancer into the right armpit of 30 BALB/c nude mice. After modeling, the tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into the normal saline group, the XTSJD group, and the doxycycline hyclate (DH) group, 10 in each. And the mice were administered with corresponding medicine by gastrogavage for 4 weeks. Then all mice were killed by cervical dislocation. The tumor mass were weighed and the tumor inhibition rate calculated. The amount of VM in tumor was counted. Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and MMP-9 were tested using immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tumor weight in the XTSJD group and the OH group decreased significantly when compared with the NS group (P<0.01). The amount of VM in the XTSJD group (24.50+/-3.03) and the OH group (14.70+/-1.34) was significantly less than that in the NS group (33.10+/-2.64) (P<0.01). The positive expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the XTSJD group and the OH group was significantly lower than that in the NS group (P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>XTSJD could inhibit the formation of VM in xenografted tumor of nude mice. The mechanism might be correlated with the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions.</p>

Tumor interstitial fluid and postoperative recurrence of tumors: An experimental study for verifying hypothesis of "tumor-phlegm microenvironment" / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a method of extracting tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) which is similar to muddy phlegm in Chinese medicine (CM), interleukin-8 (IL-8) in concentration was taken as the representative of the content of TIF, analyzed in the extracted TIF and the original tumor tissue, and examined to see whether TIF has an interfering effect on tumor recurrence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tumor tissue was ground, centrifuged, and filtered for intercellular substances. Tumor-bearing Kunming S180 mice were raised for 21 days and then the tumors were removed to observe the influence of intervention with TIF, normal saline (NS) and a blank control on tumor recurrence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The content of IL-8 in the filtered and unfiltered tumor tissue was not significantly different (P>0.05). Postoperative tumor recurrence in TIF intervention group was significantly higher than that in the NS intervention and control groups (60%, 12/20 vs. 20%, 4/20. vs. 15%, 3/20, χ(2) =11.058, P<0.01). Tumor cells grew vigorously and infiltrated to muscular tissue in TIF intervention group. Large numbers of tumor cells were seen necrotic in the NS intervention group, and small numbers of tumor cells were seen necrotic in the blank control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TIF can be effectively extracted by the means described. It does not contain tumor cells, but its contents such as IL-8 may stimulate tumor cell growth and promote postoperative tumor recurrence, which provided preliminary experimental basis for hypothesis of "tumor-phlegm microenvironment".</p>

Mechanisms of treatment of cancer pain with a topical Chinese herbal formula in rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Pain has a substantial impact on patients' activities and overall quality of life, but current conventional drugs have debilitating side effects, including gastrointestinal disorders. Thus there is a pressing need for new therapies with fewer side effects to alleviate cancer pain. We recently developed a topical herbal formula Xiaotan Tongluo analgesic gel (XTTL gel) based on the principles of traditional Chinese herbalism, and we have received positive feedback from bone cancer pain patients. The aim of this study was to determine the analgesic effects and explore the mechanisms of XTTL gel in a rat model of bone cancer pain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat model of bone cancer pain was established by inoculating Walker-256 rat carcinoma cells directly into the right tibial medullary cavity of Wistar rats. The rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10 per group): (1) sham bone cancer control (sham group): vehicle (PBS) inoculation without carcinoma cells plus topical administration of blank gel; (2) Sham treatment control (vehicle group): Walker-256 cell inoculation plus topical administration of blank gel; (3) XTTL gel treatment (treatment group): Walker-256 cell inoculation plus topical administration of XTTL gel. XTTL gel treatments were applied daily for 7 days starting on day 14 following inoculation. Outcomes were assessed 21 days after inoculation by mechanical allodynia, histological staining, and by measuring concentrations of type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide (ICTP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) in serum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fourteen days after cancer cell incubation, significant mechanical allodynia in the ipsilateral hind paw and tumor growth in proximal end of the tibia were observed in the vehicle and treatment groups but not in the sham group. At day 21, mechanical withdrawal thresholds in treatment group rats were significantly higher ((4.8557 +/- 0.8336) g) compared with those of the vehicle group ((1.8630 +/- 1.4369) g, P < 0.05). ICTP and BAP levels increased significantly in vehicle group rats ((101.5176+/- 11.0694) U/L and (370.7838 +/- 12.8273) U/L, respectively) compared with those of the sham group ((11.7553 +/- 1.1885) U/L and (185.7338 +/- 3.6761) U/L, respectively; P < 0.05). XTTL gel decreased the level of blood serum ICTP ((41.8998 +/- 6.4970) U/L, P < 0.05) but had little effect on blood serum BAP ((365.5338 +/- 18.5361) U/L, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Topical use of XTTL gel may have an analgesic effect on bone cancer pain, an effect mediated by lowering of ICTP levels and inhibiting bone resorption.</p>

Study on analgesic effect of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

Chinese medicine has been used in treating pain for a long time. Much progress has been made in studies on the mechanism of the analgesic effect of Chinese medicine in animal experiments. It is found that the analgesic action may be related to the following actions: (1) Reducing the secretion of peripheral algogenic substances and inducing the secretion of pain-sensitive substances; (2) Alleviating the accumulation of local algogenic substances; (3) Increasing the release of endogenous analgesic substances; (4) Regulating c-fos gene and increasing the secretion of such substances in the central nervous system, etc. In this paper, the experimental methods and analgesic effect of Chinese medicines are reviewed.

Interactions of cadmium and aluminum toxicity in their effect on growth and physiological parameters in soybean / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The effect of Al and Cd on the growth, photosynthesis, and accumulation of Al, Cd and plant nutrients in two soybean genotypes were determined using hydroponic culture. There were six treatments: pH 6.5; pH 4.0; pH 6.5+1.0 micromol/L Cd; pH 4.0+1.0 micromol/L Cd; pH 4.0+150 micromol/L Al; pH 4.0+1.0 micromol/L Cd+150 micromol/L Al. The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate. Al-sensitive cv. Zhechun 2 accumulated comparatively more Al and Cd in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Liao 1. Compared with pH 6.5, pH 4.0 resulted in significant increase in Cd and Al concentration in plants. Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accumulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots. The concentrations of all 10 nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), except Mo were also increased when plants were exposed to pH lower than pH 6.5. Al addition caused a reduction in the concentration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots; but K, Mn and Zn in roots were increased. Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants. Al-sensitive genotype Zhechun 2 has lower nutrient concentration than Al-tolerant genotype Liao 1. The current findings imply that Al and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptake.